Reading and writing are complex skills that rely on advanced proficiency in mapping between sounds and letters—encoding speech into print and decoding print into sound. Most prior research on reading and writing has focused on monosyllabic words. In contrast, our lab investigates the processing of polysyllabic words. We explore what perceptual units readers and writers rely on when processing longer words, how stress patterns are assigned, and why some individuals experience difficulties with reading (dyslexia) or writing (dysgraphia).